Habiba A., 5

Habiba, the second-born child in her family, lives in a monogamous household. Her father is a farmer with a low income, while her mother sells food to supplement the family’s earnings. Together, they earn a total of 12,000 Naira, which is insufficient to cover the high cost of healthcare. Habiba was admitted to the Ayaji Medical and Diagnostic Centre, She had been suffering for a week from severe symptoms of high-grade Fever Lasting for one week, accompanied by chills and rigors (shaking),Persistent Headache Lasting for over a week, dizziness present for three days. Her family first sought help at local patent medical stores, where she was given antimalarials and antibiotics. However, these did not work, and her condition continued to worsen. ​Upon hospital examination, Habiba was found to be pale and had a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. Laboratory tests confirmed a very high parasite load: MP +++: This indicates a severe density of malaria parasites in her blood, ​PCV 35%. ​Diagnosis: Severe Malaria.

The 5-year-old girl diagnosed with severe malaria was promptly admitted and commenced on intravenous artesunate as first-line treatment. She also received intravenous fluids to correct dehydration, paracetamol for fever control, and careful monitoring of blood glucose, vital signs, and urine output. Supportive care was provided throughout admission, including nutritional support and management of complications as needed. After clinical stabilization, she was switched to a full course of oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) to complete malaria treatment. She responded well, with resolution of fever, improved activity level, and restoration of appetite. Her condition steadily improved without complications, and she was discharged in stable condition with follow-up instructions and caregiver education on malaria prevention and early hospital presentation.

Habiba presented with severe malaria, indicated by high parasite density and systemic symptoms such as high-grade fever, chills, headache, and weakness. The severity of the infection places her at significant risk for complications including anemia, hypoglycemia, cerebral involvement, kidney impairment, and multi-organ dysfunction. Immediate intravenous antimalarial therapy, supportive care, and close monitoring are essential to stabilize her condition and prevent progression. With prompt and appropriate treatment, the prognosis can be guarded to fair, depending on her response to therapy and the presence of any co-morbidities or complications. Delays in treatment or inadequate medical care significantly increase the risk of severe complications or death.